The city was originally built on a group of islands in Lake Texcoco by the Mexica (Azteca) in 1325 as Tenochtitlan. Mexico's capital is both the oldest capital city in the Americas and one of two founded by indigenous people. If it were an independent country in 2013, Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America. The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico's GDP, and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of the country's GDP. Greater Mexico City has a GDP of $411 billion in 2011, which makes it one of the most productive urban areas in the world. According to the most recent definition agreed upon by the federal and state governments, the population of Greater Mexico City is 21,804,515, which makes it the sixth-largest metropolitan area in the world, the second-largest urban agglomeration in the Western Hemisphere (behind São Paulo, Brazil), and the largest Spanish-speaking city (city proper) in the world. The 2020 population for the city proper was 9,209,944, with a land area of 1,485 square kilometers (573 sq mi). The city has 16 demarcaciones territoriales, subdivisions colloquially known as alcaldías or boroughs.
It is located in the Valley of Mexico ( Valle de México), a large valley in the high plateaus in the center of Mexico, at an altitude of 2,240 meters (7,350 ft). Mexico City is one of the most important cultural and financial centers in the world. Mexico City (Spanish: Ciudad de México, locally ( listen) abbr.: CDMX Nahuatl: Altepetl Mexico) is the capital and largest city of Mexico, as well as the most populous city in North America, and is one of the country's 32 federal entities. Area of Mexico City that includes non-urban areas at the south Historic center of Mexico City, Xochimilco and Central University City Campus of the UNAM
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